哈瓦那雙年展
http://www.aaa.org.hk/onlineprojects/bitri/zh/overview.aspx?id=A027
哈瓦那, 古巴, 美洲
概覽
初期的雙年展主要以拉丁美洲與加勒比海地區的當代藝術為主，第一次展出800個藝術家共2000件作品，同時亦設有多種獎項。首屆雙年展成立後，古巴及中國混血華人藝術家林飛龍成立「林飛龍文化中心」，介紹拉丁美洲、加勒比海及亞非地區的當代藝術研究與發展，並長久成為雙年展的推動單位。
第二屆開始加入了非洲及亞洲當代藝術，超過2400件作品，來自57個國家共690個藝術家參展，堪稱為當時數量取勝、範圍最大的當代藝術展。第三屆改變以主題策劃方式，藝術獎項不再列入展覽的重點之一。至此，國際雙年展模式敲定，為第三世界最大的藝術雙年展，哈瓦那雙年展已跨越拉丁美洲及加勒比海的文化意象。
主辦
林飛龍當代藝術中心 (非官方組織)
組織架構及策展制度
主要是館內策展，時或引進客席策展人
參加辦法
由策劃人負責藝術家的邀請。展覽主要分主題展（客席策展人邀請）、特別展（由林飛龍當代藝術中心與其他夥伴一起合作企劃）、平行展覽及小型計畫（由哈瓦那的私人畫廊或機構策劃）、選擇性展覽及計劃（非官方的外圍展）
獎項
設有多種獎項
成立年份 1984
舉辦年份 1984, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1994, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2009
網站 http://www.bienalhabana.cult.cu/
哈瓦那雙年展是過去唯一在社會主義國家舉辦的大型國際展覽，它是專門為促進第三世界藝術家對話而設計的。所以又稱為第三世界的雙年展。
在雙年展舉辦以前，哈瓦那已經開始重視對第三世界藝術的研究，為此特別建立了一個Wifredo Lam研究中心。Lam的中文名字是林飛龍。這位二十世紀最重要的古巴混血藝術家的父親是中國移民。研究中心在雙年展的籌畫中起了決定性的作用。1984 年參加第一屆展覽的都是拉丁美洲和加勒比海地區的藝術家。雙年展逐漸明確地樹立了自己的獨特方式：
一、取消一切頒獎辦法。強調第三世界藝術家的集體創造；
二、展覽只是作為手段，以藝術家的會見和交流為目的；
三、不按地區國家的劃分來佈置雙年展；
四、不設固定的展場。利用各種公共空間，使作品走向群眾；
五、每次展覽選擇一個第三世界藝術家共同關心的主題。
第三屆雙年展的主題是“第三世界藝術中的傳統性和現代性”。第四屆正逢發現美洲五百年度，主體是“對殖民主義的挑戰”。第五屆則並列了當代世界關注的一些重要問題：環境、局勢、移民、邊緣化等。Wifredo Lam研究中心Lilian Llanes指出：“我們從不要求與眾不同，一貫以來所做的只是單純地希望大家互相瞭解。我們都是這個充滿創造力的星球的一分子。應當為此而感到自豪。”
http://c.chinavisual.com/2008/08/21/c51941/p9.shtml
2009年8月14日 星期五
The Biennial of Havana: Brief History
The Biennial of Havana: Brief History
http://www.universes-in-universe.de/car/havanna/e_hist.htm
1st Biennial, May - June, 1984
At the beginning, focused on Latinamerica and the Caribbean. Aprox. 800 artists and about 2.000 works. Many awards were given, first price to Arnold Belkin (Mexico).
Catalog in Spanish: 320 pages, black/white pictures, only short introductory text from Eliseo Diego, short biographies from the artists. Appendix to the catalog (90 pages).
International Symposium about Wifredo Lam.
2nd Biennial, November 26 - December 31, 1986
From now on, Africa and Asia are also included. More than 2.400 artworks from 690 artists from 57 countries. 10 awards were given. A large number of parallel shows, meetings, conferences, workshops etc.
Catalog in Spanisch: 570 pages, black/white pictures, detailed program, artists' biographies, only welcome text by Armando Hart, Minister of Culture. Numerous Bulletins with complementary information.
International conference on Caribbean Art, published 1989 by Editorial Letras Cubanas (Spanish).
3rd Biennial, November 1 - December 31, 1989
Main theme: Tradition and Contemporaneity. About 300 artists with 850 artworks from 41 countries; no awards for the first time. A great number of parallel shows, meetings, workshops etc.
Catalog: 370 pages, black/white pictures. Essays by Llilian Llanes (Director of the Centro Wifredo Lam), Juan Acha, Rashid M. Diab, Frederico Moraes, Roberto Segre; introductory texts to the particular thematic sectors; short biographies (Spanish)
International conference: Tradition and Contemporaneity in the Arts of the Third World.
4th Biennale, November 16 - December 31, 1991
Main theme: The Challenge of Colonisation. About 150 artists from 40 countries from Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Latinamerica, the Middle East, as well as minorities in other regions. Special shows as part of the Biennial: Latin American Architecture, Aboriginal Craftworks from Brazil, Feather Art from Bolivia, Australian Aboriginal Painting and Indian Art from Canada. Extense program all around Havana.
Catalog: 300 pages, black/white pictures, short biographies. A number of texts to encompassing themes and related to the diferent exhibitions; a.o. by Llilian Llanes, Eduardo Subirats, Luis Camnitzer, Jorge Glusberg, Pierre Gaudibert, Iván de la Nuez, Brahim Ben Hossain Alaoui, Nelly Richard, Nelson Herrera Ysla. (Spanish)
International conference: Cultural Domination and Alternatives to Colonisation.
5th Biennial, May 6 - June 30, 1994
Main theme: Art, Society, Reflexion. 5 topics: 1. Fragmented Spaces - Art, Power and Marginalisation; 2. The Other Shore - Migrations; 3. Apropriations und Crossovers - Hybridisations, Cultural Mixtures; 4. Environments and Circumstances - Ecology, Conditions of Life; 5. Art and the Individual at the Periphery of Posmodernity. About 240 artists from more than 40 countries. Parallel shows and events.
Catalog: 310 pages, color and black & white pictures. Essays and texts to particular topics, a.o. by: Llilian Llanes, Nelson Herrera Ysla, Néstor García Canclini, Carla Stellweg, Ery Camara, Eugenio Valdés Figueroa, Hilda María Rodríguez, Ibis Hernández and Margarita Sánchez, Magda I. González, Juan Antonio Molina. (Spanish)
A selection from the Biennial was exhibited at Ludwig Forum for International Art in Aachen/Germany in September 1994 (catalog in German)
http://www.universes-in-universe.de/car/havanna/e_hist.htm
1st Biennial, May - June, 1984
At the beginning, focused on Latinamerica and the Caribbean. Aprox. 800 artists and about 2.000 works. Many awards were given, first price to Arnold Belkin (Mexico).
Catalog in Spanish: 320 pages, black/white pictures, only short introductory text from Eliseo Diego, short biographies from the artists. Appendix to the catalog (90 pages).
International Symposium about Wifredo Lam.
2nd Biennial, November 26 - December 31, 1986
From now on, Africa and Asia are also included. More than 2.400 artworks from 690 artists from 57 countries. 10 awards were given. A large number of parallel shows, meetings, conferences, workshops etc.
Catalog in Spanisch: 570 pages, black/white pictures, detailed program, artists' biographies, only welcome text by Armando Hart, Minister of Culture. Numerous Bulletins with complementary information.
International conference on Caribbean Art, published 1989 by Editorial Letras Cubanas (Spanish).
3rd Biennial, November 1 - December 31, 1989
Main theme: Tradition and Contemporaneity. About 300 artists with 850 artworks from 41 countries; no awards for the first time. A great number of parallel shows, meetings, workshops etc.
Catalog: 370 pages, black/white pictures. Essays by Llilian Llanes (Director of the Centro Wifredo Lam), Juan Acha, Rashid M. Diab, Frederico Moraes, Roberto Segre; introductory texts to the particular thematic sectors; short biographies (Spanish)
International conference: Tradition and Contemporaneity in the Arts of the Third World.
4th Biennale, November 16 - December 31, 1991
Main theme: The Challenge of Colonisation. About 150 artists from 40 countries from Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Latinamerica, the Middle East, as well as minorities in other regions. Special shows as part of the Biennial: Latin American Architecture, Aboriginal Craftworks from Brazil, Feather Art from Bolivia, Australian Aboriginal Painting and Indian Art from Canada. Extense program all around Havana.
Catalog: 300 pages, black/white pictures, short biographies. A number of texts to encompassing themes and related to the diferent exhibitions; a.o. by Llilian Llanes, Eduardo Subirats, Luis Camnitzer, Jorge Glusberg, Pierre Gaudibert, Iván de la Nuez, Brahim Ben Hossain Alaoui, Nelly Richard, Nelson Herrera Ysla. (Spanish)
International conference: Cultural Domination and Alternatives to Colonisation.
5th Biennial, May 6 - June 30, 1994
Main theme: Art, Society, Reflexion. 5 topics: 1. Fragmented Spaces - Art, Power and Marginalisation; 2. The Other Shore - Migrations; 3. Apropriations und Crossovers - Hybridisations, Cultural Mixtures; 4. Environments and Circumstances - Ecology, Conditions of Life; 5. Art and the Individual at the Periphery of Posmodernity. About 240 artists from more than 40 countries. Parallel shows and events.
Catalog: 310 pages, color and black & white pictures. Essays and texts to particular topics, a.o. by: Llilian Llanes, Nelson Herrera Ysla, Néstor García Canclini, Carla Stellweg, Ery Camara, Eugenio Valdés Figueroa, Hilda María Rodríguez, Ibis Hernández and Margarita Sánchez, Magda I. González, Juan Antonio Molina. (Spanish)
A selection from the Biennial was exhibited at Ludwig Forum for International Art in Aachen/Germany in September 1994 (catalog in German)
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